Ngenkathi siqala ukuqonda nokuthola i-hang ye-Bitcoin, ubuciko obuzungeze i-Blockchain buyaqhuma kanye nemibono eminingi ethakazelisayo ibonakala ilungele ukunweba amathuba ayo futhi ibe yingxenye engenakuhlukaniswa yempilo yethu. Ngokwethula okuhlukile okuhlakaniphe kakhulu noma okuncane kukhodi ye-Bitcoin, amanye ama-cryptocurrencies athakazelisayo asevele enziwe: i-Litecoin, i-Dash, i-Monero... Kodwa U-Ethereum uphinde wamaka ngaphambi nangemva kwalokho ukuqala ukwethulwa ngokusemthethweni ku-2015. Kusabonakala njengesikhathi esifushane kakhulu kepha izinto zihamba ngokushesha okukhulu, ziyashesha futhi, esimweni se-Ethereum, ziyahlanganiswa. Kuze kuthiwe u-Ethereum uzogcina ngokuntshontsha umqhele kuBitcoin. Ngakho-ke, ngaphandle kokuqhubeka kokuchitha isikhathi, kufanelekile ukwazi kangcono.
Umqondo womfana oneminyaka engu-17
I-Vitalik Buterin, ngaphandle kokungabaza, ube ngumdali wangaphambi kwesikhathi. Eminyakeni eyi-17, ngaphandle kokudlala iWorld of Warcraft, wayesengumuntu obambisene naye ekuthuthukisweni kweBitcoin futhi wayesebenze ngokubambisana I-Bitcoin Magazine. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva wakhiqiza White Paper okokuqala kokuthi kungaba yini i- Ipulatifomu ye-Ethereum, esekelwe ku-Blockchain kodwa enekhono lokwenza izinto eziningi kunemisebenzi elula ye-cryptocurrency.
Ku-2014, ngokuhlanganyela nabalingani ababili bezentuthuko, baqala umkhankaso wezezimali wokuthengisa ithokheni ye-Ether eyisisekelo sepulatifomu kulokho okuzoba yi-ICO yokuqala, Ukunikezwa Kwezezimali Zokuqala noma Umnikelo Wokuqala Wezezimali. Baqoqe cishe u- $ 18 million kwathi ngo-2015 bakhipha inguqulo yokuqala ye-Ethereum. Kusukela lapho kunamakhulu ama-programmer abambe iqhaza ekukhuleni kwawo.
Yize kunesikhathi esifushane selokhu wethulwa, umgwaqo ubungelula ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngo-2016 ipulatifomu yahlushwa i- ukwebiwa kwamathokheni zenani elicishe lifike ezigidini ezingama-50 zamaRandi kepha baxazulula inkinga ngemfoloko ku-blockchain (imfoloko enzima) ebangele ukuvela kwamathokheni amabili noma izinhlamvu zemali ezahamba ngendlela yazo: I-Ethereum (ETH) ne-Ethereum Classic (i-ETC) . Kufanele kuthiwe ukuxazulula ukungqubuzana nokuthatha isinqumo sokwenza leyo foloko enzima, bonke abantu ababenamathokheni bakwazi ukuvota besebenzisa ipulatifomu uqobo.
I-Ethereum iqhubekile nokuchuma kakhulu futhi i-ETH namuhla ingenye yezinkanyezi ezinkulu ezithembisa ikusasa eliqhakazile lobuchwepheshe beBlockchain.. Ingeyesibili emalini yemakethe, cishe amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-80, ngemuva kweBitcoin kodwa isondela kuyo kancane kancane.
Ihluke kanjani iBitcoin ne-Ethereum?
Ngokobuchwepheshe babukeka befana ngoba zombili zisuselwa kubuchwepheshe beBlockchain, kepha umehluko ubaluleke impela.
I-Bitcoin ngokuyisisekelo i-cryptocurrency enhloso yayo ifana nanoma iyiphi enye imali esuselwa ku-trust. Lokho wukuthi, iBitcoin isebenza ukudlulisa inani futhi ngayo ithole izimpahla nezinsizakalo. Ngamanye amagama, okushiwoyo, kuyimali (esezingeni eliphansi).
EthereumNoma kunjalo, kungaphezulu kakhulu. Yipulatifomu ehlukanisiwe futhi ine-cryptocurrency (Ether). Ayigcini nje ngokusetshenziswa njengemali, kepha izingcezu ezincane zekhodi noma izinkontileka ezihlakaniphile zingenziwa ngokuthembeka okuphelele, ngakho-ke amathuba ayo angaphezulu kakhulu kwezinkinga zemali. Lokho wukuthi, i-Ethereum iyi-blockchain lapho noma ngubani angahlela khona izinto noma angenise izinhlelo ezincane kuyo.
Eminye umehluko ingeyesakhiwo. Isibonelo, inani eliphelele leBitcoin elizosakazwa liyizigidi ezingama-21 ngenkathi i-Ether izoba nenqwaba yokujikeleza engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-90. Njengamanje kunezigidi ezi-3 zeBitcoin ezizombiwa kanti cishe ngonyaka wezi-2021 cishe kuphela izigidi ezingama-45 ezizokwakhiwa.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amabhlogo aseBitcoin Blockchain adalwa njalo ngemizuzu eyi-10 ngenkathi e-Ethereum ukwakhiwa kwebhulokhi kuthatha imizuzwana eyi-12 okwenza ukuthengiselana kusheshe kakhulu.
Ama-node wenethiwekhi yeBitcoin agcina ikhophi lonke le- "ledger" noma iBlockchain. Ama-node wenethiwekhi ye-Ethereum awenzi lokhu kuphela kepha futhi futhi bagcina umlando wezinkontileka ezihlakaniphile kanye nesimo sakamuva kakhulu salezo zinkontileka. Ukwenza izinkontileka ezinjalo ezihlakaniphile, ama-Ethereum node akha umshini omkhulu we-virtual (EVM) okwazi ukuhlanganisa nokwenza ikhodi ebhalwe ngolimi olulula noluthize olubizwa nge-bytecode. Lezi zinhlelo noma ubani angazilahla kwiBlockchain zilula ngokwedlulele; Akuwona ama-algorithms ayinkimbinkimbi kepha izakhiwo ezilula zekhodi empeleni ezithi "uma lokhu kwenzeka, ngenza lokhu futhi uma lokhu kwenzeka bese ngenza enye into le." Lezi zinhlelo zingaqhutshwa kunoma iyiphi ikhompyutha noma ifoni yesimanje ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Umusa ka-Ethereum, ngakho-ke, ukuthi babulawa ngomshini obonakalayo ohlotshaniswa neBlockchain futhi ngaleyo ndlela babe "yizinkontileka ezihlakaniphile" noma ikhodi esetshenziswa ngendlela esobala, engaguquguquki nengaguquguquki, evikela amaphutha abantu nokukhohlisa. Wonke amaqembu ayaziyo inkontileka ebonakalayo angaba nokuthula okuphelele kwengqondo ukuthi kuzokwenziwa ngokwemithetho evunyelwene ngaphambilini.
Ukuqonda imiqondo
I-Ethereum yipulatifomu esekwe eBlockchain futhi isebenzisa i-cryptocurrency eyi-Ether (ETH). Njalo lapho ufuna ukufaka okuthile kubhlokhi, kuyadingeka ukuthi ukhokhe, njengakwizivumelwano zeBitcoin, ikhomishini ku-ETH. Kungani kubalulekile ukukhokha ikhomishini? Vele ngoba kuyisikhuthazo labo abahlinzeka ngamakhompyutha asekela inethiwekhi abanaso. Ukube besingekho isikhuthazo esinjalo, impela abalandeli abambalwa kuphela abangafaka isandla ekwakheni inethiwekhi futhi ukusabalalisa kube okungenakwenzeka. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi kukhona ama-cryptocurrensets okuthengiselana kwawo kuncane kakhulu kepha-ke isisusa kungenye. Isibonelo ngu I-Digibyte, lapho isikhuthazo singaba khona ukuthi ngokuzayo kuzoba yi-cryptocurrency esetshenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yejubane layo kanye nokusebenziseka kwayo ezindabeni zama-micropayments. Okunye, UFaircoin, isikhuthazo sakhe esisezinhlosweni zomphakathi wezishoshovu osisekelayo.
Ku-Bitcoin, ikhomishana yokukhokha incike kusayizi we-transaction (hhayi inani kodwa usayizi wamabhayithi okukuyo, okuncike ekutheni izinhlamvu zemali zihlukaniswe kanjani phakathi kwamakheli ahlukene wesikhwama semali). Ku-Ethereum kubuye kuncike kusayizi wokuthengiselana; Okusho ukuthi, kuzoba ishibhile uma uhlelo ozama ukulethula luthuthukiswe kahle ngokombono wokubhala amakhodi. Ngalo mqondo, kuyakhuthazwa ukuthi izinkontileka ezihlakaniphile ezethulwayo aziqukethe ikhodi engenamsebenzi; Okusho ukuthi, kufanele enziwe abe lula ngangokunokwenzeka.
E-Ethereum kunomqondo owodwa okufanele ucatshangelwe. Bheka, uma wethula uhlelo noma inkontileka ehlakaniphile ku-Blockchain, ukhokha ikhomishini ngokwenza kanjalo. Kepha, ukusuka lapho, sinohlelo oluzosebenza isikhashana. Kungaba kanye, noma kungenzeka ukuthi lolo hlelo ludinga ukuqhutshwa izikhathi eziningi noma isikhathi eside. Njenganoma imuphi umshini, uzodinga umthombo wamandla ukuze usebenze. Lapha lowo mthombo wamandla ubizwa ngeGAS. Ngakho-ke, ukugwema ikhodi eyakhiwe kabi noma ikhodi enonya ezenza sengathi isebenza ngokungapheli, kuyadingeka ukusetha umkhawulo olinganiswe ngamaphoyinti noma izinyathelo zokubala. Isinyathelo ngasinye se-algorithm sidinga cishe i-1 GAS noma enye ngaphezulu uma ifaka amandla amaningi wokubala noma idatha engaphezulu ezogcinwa, okungafani ukubala u-3 × 4 kunezimpande zesikwele zokulandelana kwama-spiky primes. Isisho esithi; lapho-ke sizobona eminye imibono ekhonkolo futhi ewusizo yemvumelwano ehlakaniphile. Ekugcineni, ukubalwa kwe-GAS edingekayo kufaka phakathi le mingcele kanye ne-5 GAS nge-byte ngayinye edinga ukwenziwa.
Ngakho-ke, I-Ethereum ivikelwe kahle ekuhlaselweni okunonya (zingabiza kakhulu) futhi ngasikhathi sinye inikeza izinzuzo ezanele zenethiwekhi yamakhompyutha asekela iBlockchain yayo nemisebenzi ezokwenziwa kuyo.
Izinzuzo eziningi ze-Ethereum
Nge-Ethereum noma ngubani angakha amathokheni amasha asebenza njengemali noma amasheya wokuxhasa amaphrojekthi. Kungakhiwa izinkontileka ezihlakaniphile ezizosebenza njengokuhlosiwe ngaphandle kokubandakanyeka kwabantu besithathu. Izinhlelo zokuvota nezinhlobo zokubusa okubonakalayo zingakhiwa lapho kungekho kungabaza ngokuthembela kwakho. Kungavunyelwa izindlela zokuqinisekisa ubunikazi noma amasistimu angenakuguqulwa ngokungeyena. Izinhlelo zokugcinwa kwesikhwama ezikhishwa kuphela uma kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezithile; isibonelo, ukushintshanisa ngokuphepha izimali noma izibambiso ngaphandle kokuthi uthenjwe umuntu wesithathu othembekile. Amathuba cishe awapheli.
Izibonelo zezinkontileka ezihlakaniphile
Kunezinto eziningi kakhulu ezingasungulwa ezungeze i-Ethereum ukuthi kunzima ukuzifingqa konke ngemigqa embalwa. Ngizocabanga ezinye izinhlobo zezinkontileka ezihlakaniphile ezenzeka ngokuphelele namuhla.
- Ake sithi ngithenga okuthile online futhi umthengisi ufuna ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ngizokuthola ezinsukwini ezi-2. Umthengisi angasebenzisa inkontileka ehlakaniphile ku-Ethereum Blockchain ngendlela yokuthi ngikhokhe i-X ngezindleko zokuthumela. Isithwali sixhumene nale nkontileka ehlakaniphile futhi lapho ngisayina irisidi lapho impahla ifike khona, idatha idluliselwa ku-Blockchain. Uma ingifinyelele ngaphakathi komnqamulajuqu, u-X ulethwa kumthengisi. Uma kuthathe isikhathi eside, uthola i-XY (lapho u-Y kuyisaphulelo okuvunyelwene ngaso) bese konke kubuyela kimi. Noma, kalula nje, ngizobuya ngiphathe engikukhokhele izindleko zokuthumela uma umnqamulajuqu ungakahlangatshezwa. Mhlawumbe kuthatha isikhathi eside ukuchaza kunokukwenza. Lokhu kungaba yimigqa embalwa yekhodi futhi wonke umuntu uzobona kulokhu isisusa soku-oda kulowo mthengisi.
- Inkontileka ehlakaniphile ingasungulwa kunoma yiliphi izinga, ngisho naphakathi kwabantu ababili. Uma ngibheja nawe X imali ukuthi iqembu lebhola liwunqoba lo mdlalo, kulula ukuxhumanisa le nkontileka nemiphumela ekhishwe yiwebhusayithi enikelwe ukuyikhombisa. Uma iqembu lami liphumelela, u-Ether wami nalabo engibhejwe ngumngani wami bazolawulwa yimina. Uma kwenzeka okuphambene, umngani wami uyabathatha. Ukuhumushela lokhu enkampanini yokubheja eku-inthanethi, izinga lokuthembeka nokwethembela phezulu ngoba akekho ongaguqula leyo nkontileka.
- Ukuphatha izimali zomphakathi, lezi zimali zizosebenza kuphela uma iphesenti elithile lamalungu lifinyelela esivumelwaneni noma ekuvumelaneni.
- Singakha i-Decentralized Autonomous Organisation (DAO), uhlobo lwenhlangano olususelwa emithethweni eqondile ezosebenza lapho kuhlangatshezwana nemibandela ethile, ngaphandle kokungenelela komuntu. Ngaphezu komqondo engiwudalulile ephuzwini lesi-3, kunamanye amathuba amaningi njengokuthi izimali ezithile zisetshenziswa ngandlela thile uma inani elithile liqoqwa noma ukuthi ukwabiwa kwezimali okulinganiselwe kwenziwa ngezikhathi ezithile. Noma lokho kuthengwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kwenziwa ngokuzenzakalela ngokususelwe ekuthengisweni noma esitokweni esigcinwayo.
Ngabe i-Ethereum Blockchain izokwazi ukugcina ukukhula kwayo?
Le ngenye yezinselelo ezinkulu zanoma iyiphi i-Blockchain. IBitcoin isivele yazitholela ubuso nobuso ngalolu daba futhi yikho okugqugquzele abantu abaningi ukuthi benze izinhlobo ezintsha ze-cryptocurrency enezici ezithile ezihlose ukuxazulula inkinga yokusimama kwayo kwesikhathi eside. Umgwaqo wendlela i-Ethereum unezixazululo ezihlelelwe lolu daba kepha, njengazo zonke izinto okusamele zenziwe, ihlala iphakamisa imibuzo ngokusebenza kwayo. Isibonelo, uma i-block entsha idalwa njalo ngemizuzwana eyi-12, singazibuza ukuthi eminyakeni embalwa ezayo ikhompyutha esebenza njenge-node izoba nesikhala esanele sokufaka ikhophi le-Blockchain yonke noma uma kungenzeka izinhlangano noma izinkampani ezinezinsizakusebenza ezinamandla ngombono oyisisekelo wokwehliswa kwezikhundla kuzoncipha kancane kancane. Isixazululo esingaba khona ukuthi ama-node akudingeki ukuthi asigcine sonke ngendlela ebizwe nge-database sharding. Kulokhu, ukuqinisekiswa kokuthengiselana kuzokwenzeka phakathi kwezindawo ezethembekile, zizonke, ezazinekhophi leBlockchain yonke, yize ngayinye yayizoba nengxenye eyodwa kuphela. Ngokunengqondo, futhi kudinga izixazululo ezenza kube nokwenzeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwezindawo ezishiwoyo. I-Etherum inendlela yokufeza ukuthembeka okunjalo. Ngokwesinye isandla iBlackchain egqinsiwe noma i-Lightning Network nayo iyakhiwa Esizokhuluma kaningi kule bhulogi ngokubaluleka okuthatha lezi zikhathi nokwandiswa kwamathuba okucabangayo.
Ngamafuphi, abadali be-Ethereum basebenza kanzima ezindleleni zokukala evumela ukukhuphula inani lokuthengiselana ngomzuzwana futhi, ngakho-ke, ukuzivumelanisa nokukhula okweqile esikuzwayo ngalobu buchwepheshe obusanda kuzalwa futhi obusuguqula umhlaba.
I-Ethereum eya ekungeneni kweBitcoin
I-Ether (ETH) isivele isetshenziswa njengereferensi ekushintshanisweni kwe-idijithali yemali. Yize into ejwayelekile, namanje, ukuthi iBitcoin yisethenjwa, izindlu eziningi zokushintshanisa (Ukuhwebelana) nazo zisebenzisa i-ETH. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungathola amanye ama-cryptocurrensets ngokushintshana nge-ETH hhayi iBitcoin. Esimweni esibucayi "sokugcina" noma ukuwa kweBitcoin, u-Ether uhlale enamandla futhi kunokuthambekela okucacile kokubakhetha yize i-Bitcoin ibhekwa njengomama wabo bonke kanye "nomkhiqizo" ohlonishwayo. Izwe lama-cryptocurrensets lenzeka ezinhlobonhlobo zamathuba okuthi, njengoba sibonile, adlule kude nomsebenzi wawo wezezimali noma izindlela zokushintshanisa kanye nesitolo senani. Abantu abaningi bakhetha ukutshala imali manje ku-ETH hhayi kwi-BTC, ngokunembile ngoba amathuba amakhulu okwedlule akhombisa ukuthi ikusasa labo liqinile kakhulu. I-Bitcoin icishe yaba uhlobo lwegolide ledijithali; inenani futhi kungenzeka ukuthi lelo nani lizoqhubeka nokukhuphuka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kepha awulindeli okungaphezulu kwalokho kusuka kumabha egolide edijithali. Kepha Ngobuchwepheshe obusebenza njengaleyo i-Ethereum ekhulayo, izinto eziningi ezithakazelisayo zingakhiwa ezingaphinde zisekele inani lazo.. Ukuze ngibe nenjongo, kufanele ngiphinde ngiveze umbono ophambene lapha: kunabantu ababona eBitcoin ubuchwepheshe obusebenza kahle kulokho okuhloselwe ngakho-ke ukubheja okuphephile ngenkathi i-Ethereum, enamathuba amaningi okusetshenziswa, ingaba usengozini yokuzithola unenkinga okunzima ukuyixazulula futhi ezophela konke okulindele. Akulula ukunikeza umbono ongenakuphikiswa ngalokhu. Lokho kuzobe sekuvele kungena emkhakheni wababhuli futhi, okwamanje, angicacanga ukuthi ikusasa liqageleka ngempela. Kuyingxenye yokuthandeka kwayo.
Ngabe uthola kanjani u-Ether?
Ngendlela efanayo iBitcoin engathengwa ngayo ezindlini eziningi zokushintshisana ezamukela imali ye-fiat (ama-euro, amadola ...) kanye nokushintshanisa namanye ama-cryptocurrensets. Vele, njengezinye izimali, zingatholakala ngokushintshanisa izimpahla noma izinsizakalo. Lokho wukuthi, ungamukela ukwamukela izinkokhelo (noma iminikelo) ku-Ether ngokufana nakuBitcoin noma enye imali. Ukufaka ama-cryptocurrensets empilweni yakho yezomnotho noma yomsebenzi akuseyona indaba ebekelwe abantu abayinqaba abachitha usuku lonke phambi kwekhompyutha benza izinto ezinye izidalwa ezingabantu ezingazenzi. Esikhundleni salokho, ithatha isinqumo sokuba yingxenye yenqubekela phambili nobuchwepheshe obusha kunokuhlala icabanga ukuthi "noma yisiphi isikhathi esedlule besingcono."
